The Old Senate Chamber is undergoing extensive historical investigations that began in 2007. As part of this work, all of the plaster, which dates to the 1906 restoration of the room, has been removed and the original 18th century brick and mortar are exposed. Vistors may now enter the room and view the brickwork and other evidence that have been uncovered.

The furnishings and portraits have been removed while the investigations continue. However, the three monumental Charels Willson Peale paintings: Washington, Lafayette & Tilghman at Yorktown, William Pitt, and William Paca are on display at the Maryland Historical Society.

When the Continental Congress convened in Annapolis from November 26, 1783 to August 13, 1784, it met in the Old Senate Chamber, a simple but elegant room. It was here that General George Washington, on December 23, 1783, came before Congress to resign his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in an emotional ceremony. He left immediately after the ceremony to return to Mount Vernon and private life as a farmer. A bronze plaque on the floor marks the exact spot where he stood while delivering his farewell speech. Less than a month later, on January 14, 1784, the Treaty of Paris was ratified in this same room, officially ending the Revolutionary War. On May 7, 1784, the Chamber was the scene of Thomas Jefferson's appointment as the first United States minister plenipotentiary to foreign governments.

The head on the mannequin of Washington is a replica of the one sculptured in 1785 by the French artist Jean-Antoine Houdon. The uniform is an exact replica of one worn by Washington which is now in the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, D.C. Gifts from several organizations made the mannequin and uniform possible: the Colonial Dames of America, Chapter One; the Maryland Society of Sentates Past; and the Maryland Colonial Society.

Every year, on President's Day, the Maryland Senate holds a special celebration of Washington's birthday in the Old Senate Chamber. A member of the Senate or a distinguished guest is invited to make remarks.

• Remarks by Senator Douglas J. J. Peters, February 18, 2010
• Remarks by Senator Jamie Raskin, February 16, 2009
• Remarks by Lt. Governor Anthony Brown, February 18, 2008
• Remarks by State Archivist Dr. Edward C. Papenfuse, February 19, 2007. Special ceremony in Rotunda to unveil Washington's original resignation speech
• Remarks by Senator Thomas McLain Middleton, February 20, 2006
• Remarks by Senate President Thomas V. Mike Miller, Jr., February 21, 2005
• Remarks by Senator John A. Giannetti, Jr., February 16, 2004
• Remarks by Senator Senator Rob Garagiola, February 24, 2003
• Remarks by Senator Brian E. Frosh, February 15, 2002
• Remarks by Senator Christopher Van Hollen, February 19, 2001
• Remarks by Governor Parris N. Glendening, February 21, 2000
• Remarks by Senator Barbara A. Hoffman, February 22, 1999
• Remarks by Dr. Edward C. Papenfuse on the Unveiling of Tench Tilghman's Swords, February 16, 1998